Effects of local single dose administration of parathormone on the early stages of osseointegration: A pre-clinical study.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of parathormone (PTH) administered directly to the implant's surface prior to insertion, using a large translational animal model. Sixty titanium implants were divided into four groups: (i) Collagen, control group, where implants were coated with Type-I Bovine-collagen, and three experimental groups, where implants received varying doses of PTH: (ii) 12.5, (iii) 25, and (iv) 50 µg, prior to placement. Fifteen female sheep (~2 years old, weighing ~65 kg) received four implants in an interpolated fashion in C3, C4 or C5 vertebral bodies. After 3-, 6- and 12-weeks, samples were harvested, histologically processed, qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). BIC yielded lower values at 6-weeks for 50 µg relative to the control group, with no significant differences, when compared to the 12.5- and 25-µg. No significant differences were detected at 6-weeks between collagen, 12.5- and 25-µg groups. At 3- and 12-weeks, no differences were detected for BIC among PTH groups. With respect to BAFO, no significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups independent of PTH concentration and time in vivo. Qualitative observations at 3-weeks indicated the presence of a more mature bone near the implant's surface with the application of PTH, however, no significant differences in new bone formation or healing patterns were observed at 6- and 12-weeks. Single local application of different concentrations of PTH on titanium implant's surface did not influence the osseointegration at any time-point evaluation in low-density bone.

Bruxism and type of breathing as factors associated with oral herpes lesion in Brazilian para-athletes.

AIMS: The present study investigated if recurrent manifestation of oral herpes lesions is associated with other factors and impacts the oral health-related quality of life in para-athletes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The studied population was composed of a convenience sample of 370 Brazilian para-athletes. All included individuals answered questionnaires and were submitted to an oral examination. A self-reported questionnaire addressed demographic and oral health data, including the recurrent manifestation of oral herpes lesions. The Oral Health Impact Profile was also applied in its reduced version with 14 questions (OHIP-14). The population was categorized according to results from previous competitions into a high-performance level, medium-performance level, and regional-performance level. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, odds ratio calculation, logistic regression analysis, and t-tests were performed (α = 5%). Sixty (16.2%) para-athletes reported recurrent manifestations of oral herpes lesions. Para-athletes with sleep bruxism (p = .007) and awake bruxism (p = .048) had a higher chance of reporting oral herpes lesions. Type of breathing was also associated with oral herpes lesions (p = .031). The OHIP-14 mean distribution among the groups was not statistically significant (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Bruxism and type of breathing were associated with self-reported oral herpes lesions in Brazilian para-athletes.

Growth hormone effects on healing efficacy, bone resorption and renal morphology of rats: histological and histometric study in rat calvaria.

Previous reports demonstrated the utility of systemic application of growth hormone (GH) in the treatment of bone defects. Very few studies correlated bone repair efficacy with hepatic and renal side effects promoted by locally-delivered GH. The objectives of this study were to assess the bone repair properties along with hepatic and renal adverse effects promoted by local application of GH in a rat model. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided (4 groups; n = 8/group), as follows: (i) AB (autogenous bone + local application of saline solution [SS]), (ii) AB+ (autogenous bone + SS local application + SS irrigation), (iii) AB/GH+ (autogenous bone + SS local application + GH irrigation) and (iv) AB/GHL+ (autogenous bone + GH local application + GH irrigation). Critical-sized defects (diameter = 5.0 mm) were surgically created by a single operator in the calvaria of rats. Defects were filled with ground autogenous bone. Defects pertaining to AB+ and AB/GH+ received a mixture of autogenous bone and a SS-saturated (0.02 mL) collagen sponge covered with bovine cortical membrane. Defects in group AB/GHL+, were filled with the same biomaterials saturated with GH (0.02 mL). SS (0.1 mL) or GH (0.1 mL, equivalent to 0.4 IU) were applied locally on alternate days (8 weeks) in animals in groups AB, AB+ and AB/GH+ or AB/GHL+, respectively. Bone repair properties was determined in hematoxylin/eosin-stained slices using traditional histologic and histomorphometric techniques along with optical microscopy and digital image analysis. Statistical differences among groups was determined using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Histology results indicated that AB and AB+ displayed greater presence of autogenous bone as compared to AB/GH+ and AB/GHL+. Histomorphometric results indicated significantly higher osteoid matrix formation in AB and AB+ when compared to AB/GHL+ (p = 0.009). Kidneys and livers were found to have their glomeruli preserved in AB and AB+. Strong glomeruli necrosis and large areas of protein deposition were found in AB/GH+. Abnormal small-sized glomeruli were found in AB/GHL+. The utilization of autogenous bone graft associated with local application and irrigation with GH was shown to not improve the bone repair in calvarial critical-sized defects in a rat model.

Guided Periodontal Surgery: Association of Digital Workflow and Piezosurgery for the Correction of a Gummy Smile.

Digital flow has become a part of currently practiced dentistry. Virtual planning ensures predictable aesthetic and functional rehabilitation, painless postoperative recovery, and better communication with patients, thus meeting their expectations. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the digital planning for the correction of a gummy smile with a personalized preparation using a piezoelectric surgical guide (PerioGuide) for gingival contouring and flapless osteotomy. The guide was designed using Nemo Studio software, based on the patient's facial aesthetic analysis, through photos, videos, and facial scanning. These images were aligned with the scan and placed over the cone beam computed gingival tomography for prediction of results, based not only on the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest but also on the best gingival margin contour according to virtual aesthetic planning. Digital planning, combined with the use of a piezoelectric device, allows for a flapless guided surgical technique for gingival contouring and osteotomy. As a result, the surgical procedure is safer, faster, and more predictable with better postoperative outcomes.

The Role of Marine Organic Extract in Bone Regeneration: A Pilot Study.

Novel biomaterials capable of accelerating the healing process of skeletal tissues are urgently needed in dentistry. The present in vivo study assessed the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of experimental biphasic bioceramics (HA-TCP) modified or not by a nacre extract (marine organic extract, MOE) in a sheep model. Fabrication of MOE involved mixing ground nacre (0.05 g, particle sizes < 0.1 mm) with glacial ethanoic acid (5 mL, pH 7) for 72 hours using external magnetic stirring (25°C). Nonreactive carriers (sterile polythene tubes; 3/animal, radius: 2.5 mm, length: 10.0 mm) pertaining to the control (empty) or experimental groups (HA-TCP or MOE-modified HA-TCP) were implanted intramuscularly into the abdominal segment of the torso in sheep (n = 8, age: 2 years, weight: 45 kg). Euthanization of animals was performed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Tissues harvested were subjected to macroscopic and radiographic assessments. Specimens were then stained for histological analysis. Both control and experimental animals were capable of inducing the neoformation of fibrous connective tissue at both time points where superior amounts of tissue formation and mineralization were detected for experimental groups (unaltered (at 3 and 6 mos) and MOE-modified HA-TCP (at 3 mos)). Histological results, however, revealed that mature bone formation was only observed for specimens fabricated with MOE-modified HA-TCP in a time-dependent manner. The present study has successfully demonstrated the in vivo utility of experimental biphasic bioceramics modified by MOE in an ectopic grafting sheep model. Promising osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties must be further developed and confirmed by subsequent research.

Benign Mucosal Membrane Pemphigoid as a Differential Diagnosis of Necrotizing Periodontal Disease.

Desquamative gingivitis is an oral sign of systemic changes that may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. It is generally related to immunological changes. This report is aimed at describing the case of a 51-year-old female patient, who presented with clinical desquamative gingivitis and was initially diagnosed and treated as necrotizing periodontal disease, but no improvement. The cause was hypothesized to be an autoimmune disease. Drug therapy was initiated as a combination of prednisone and topical clobetasol propionate 0.5% cream twice a day. After this treatment, there was an improvement in pain and the blistering of the gingiva. However, the gingiva remained erythematous. A biopsy led to the diagnosis of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP). The BMMP case reported in this article has been successfully treated with systemic and topical immunosuppressive therapy. The efficacy of systemic corticosteroids with dapsone and multidisciplinary follow-up has been highlighted and can lead to the stabilization and adequate control of the disease.

Does the implant-abutment interface interfere on marginal bone loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this systematic review was to compare the conical internal connection (IC) with the external hexagonal connection (EH) on the occurrence of marginal bone loss (ΔMBL). Different databases were used to carry out the selection of the elected studies. The studies were judged according to the risk of bias as "high", "low" and "unclear" risk. For the meta-analysis we included only studies that could extract the data of ΔMBL, survival rate (SR) and probing depth (PD). No statistically significant differences were found for ΔMBL data at one, three- and five-year survival rates between implant connections (p <0.05), however statistically significant differences were found for PD between EH and IC implants (1-year follow-up) -0.53 [95%CI -0.82 to -0.24, p = 0.0004]. This present systematic review demonstrated that there are no significant differences between IC and EH implants for both ΔMBL and SR at 1, 3 e 5 years after functional loading, although better PD values were observed for implants pertaining to the IC connections. Considering the high heterogeneity, more well-delineated, randomized clinical trials should be conducted.

Injeção de agregados plaquetários no rejuvenescimento facial: uma revisão sistemática / Injection of platelet aggregates in facial rejuvenation: a systematic review

Introdução: Essa revisão sistemática foi conduzida para avaliar se a associação da aplicação da injeção de agregados plaquetários quando comparada a outras terapias faciais favorece no rejuvenescimento facial em pacientes adultos. Métodos: A pesquisa buscou ensaios clínicos randomizados que compararam uso de técnicas de rejuvenescimento facial isoladas com as mesmas técnicas aliadas à injeção de agregados plaquetários. A busca foi realizada em bases de dados indexadas e literatura cinzenta. A ferramenta de risco de viés da "Cochrane Collaboration" foi aplicada para a avaliação da qualidade dos estudos. Resultados: Foram identificados 7137 artigos. Apenas quatro estudos permaneceram na síntese qualitativa, e os demais foram considerados com risco indefinido de viés nos domínios chaves. Conclusão: Existem poucos estudos na literatura que comparam o uso de agregados plaquetários em rejuvenescimento facial e os que estão disponíveis têm risco de viés "indefinido" ou "alto". Há necessidade de realizar mais estudos clínicos bem delineados que comparem o uso de injeção de agregados plaquetários associados ou não às técnicas de rejuvenescimento facial.

Introduction: This systematic review was conducted to assess whether the use of a platelet aggregate injection with or without associated facial rejuvenation techniques favors facial rejuvenation in adult patients. Methods: Randomized clinical trials that compared the use of techniques for facial rejuvenation alone with the same techniques coupled with the injection of platelet aggregates were searched. The search was performed in indexed databases and in the gray literature. The Cochrane Collaboration bias risk tool was applied to assess the quality of the studies. Results: In total, 7137 articles were identified. Only four studies remained in the qualitative synthesis, and the others were considered as having undefined bias risk in the key domains. Conclusion: There are few studies in the literature that compare the use of platelet aggregates in facial rejuvenation and those that are available have a risk of "undefined" or "high" bias. There is a need for more well-designed clinical studies comparing the use of platelet aggregate injection with or without associated facial rejuvenation techniques.

A modified free gingival graft technique for gaining vertical and horizontal soft tissue augmentation.

The aim of this case report was to describe a modified free gingival graft technique for gaining vertical and horizontal soft-tissue growth in the posterior region of the mandible before installation of dental implants. Patient A.A., a 38-year-old female, received a modified free gingival graft in the posterior region of the mandible. After 90 days, an increase, both horizontally and vertically, of the gingival tissue was observed, and the patient was satisfied with the result. The dental implant was installed, and a 3-mm of the vertical gain of keratinized gingiva was observed. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique before prosthetic dental implantation.

Treatment of Miller Class I Gingival Recession with Using Nonpedicle Adipose Tissue after Bichectomy Surgical Technique: A Case Report.

Gingival recession is an oral health problem that affects a large part of the population. Several treatments are suggested in the current literature; among them is the use of buccal fat pad grafting. The objective of this case report is to describe the treatment of a Miller Class I gingival recession using a nonpedicled buccal fat pad graft immediately after performing the surgery for buccal fat pad removal (bichectomy technique). First, bilateral surgical removal of the buccal fat pad was performed with the main objective of eliminating oral mucosa biting. The recipient site was prepared to receive a portion of the fat pad that was cut and macerated in a size that was sufficient to cover the recession. The patient was followed up at 15, 30, 60, and 365 days postsurgery, and the results showed an elimination of the oral mucosa biting and complete coverage of the gingival recession. It was concluded that the nonpedicled buccal fat pad graft is another option for the treatment of Miller Class I recessions.

Does the implant-abutment interface interfere on marginal bone loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract The objective of this systematic review was to compare the conical internal connection (IC) with the external hexagonal connection (EH) on the occurrence of marginal bone loss (ΔMBL). Different databases were used to carry out the selection of the elected studies. The studies were judged according to the risk of bias as "high", "low" and "unclear" risk. For the meta-analysis we included only studies that could extract the data of ΔMBL, survival rate (SR) and probing depth (PD). No statistically significant differences were found for ΔMBL data at one, three- and five-year survival rates between implant connections (p <0.05), however statistically significant differences were found for PD between EH and IC implants (1-year follow-up) -0.53 [95%CI -0.82 to -0.24, p = 0.0004]. This present systematic review demonstrated that there are no significant differences between IC and EH implants for both ΔMBL and SR at 1, 3 e 5 years after functional loading, although better PD values were observed for implants pertaining to the IC connections. Considering the high heterogeneity, more well-delineated, randomized clinical trials should be conducted.

Percepção do estudante sobre a implantação do método OSCE no curso de Odontologia em uma universidade particular / Student's perception of the implementation of the OSCE method in the Dentistry course of a private university

O Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) é uma avaliação que observa e intervém nas inseguranças dos estudantes em uma condição clínica simulada. Essa forma de avaliar competências, habilidades clínicas, conhecimento, atitudes, comunicação e profissionalismo é considerada uma ferramenta importante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse contexto, surgiu a necessidade em implementar, no curso de Odontologia, a avaliação de competência clínica OSCE. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção do estudante de Odontologia sobre o método OSCE e seu impacto na formação acadêmica deles. Participaram 34 estudantes do último ano do curso. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário com opções de respostas ("discordo", "concordo", "concordo parcialmente", "indiferente") que foi respondido voluntariamente. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste Qui-quadrado que comparou as respostas das quatro aplicações da metodologia OSCE durante o ano, com nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Em relação à mesma pergunta, a diferença também foi significativa na última avaliação (93,1%; p=0,017). Quanto ao método ter contribuído para o futuro na prática profissional, 93,1% (p=0,042) dos estudantes concordaram, na última avaliação do ano. Pode-se concluir, com base na análise de resposta dos questionários nos quatro bimestres, que a percepção dos estudantes de Odontologia do 5á´¼ ano noturno da Universidade Positivo frente à introdução do método OSCE foi bem aceita e positiva, uma vez que a maioria das respostas indicaram que o método contribuiu significativamente para a formação e ofereceu oportunidade de aprendizagem (AU).

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is used to detect and intervene in the students' lack of confidence in a simulated clinical condition. The OSCE assesses competences, clinical skills, knowledge, attitude, communication, and professionalism, being considered an important tool in the teachinglearning process. This context raised the need to implement the OSCE clinical competence assessment. The objective of the study was to assess the dentistry student's perception of the OSCE method and its impact on their academic training. This study included thirty-four sênior students. The data were collected using a multiple-choice questionnaire ("disagree", "agree", "partially agree", "indifferent") voluntarily answered. The chi-square test was used to analyze the data by comparing the answers of four OSCE methodology applications during the year, with a 95% (p <0.05) significance level. The difference was also significant regarding the same question in the last assessment (93.1%, p = 0.017). As for the method having contributed to their future professional practice, 93.1% (p = 0.042) of the students agreed in the last assessment of the year. Based on the analysis of questionnaire answers in the four bimesters, we concluded that the perception of the students attending the 5th year of dentistry at Positivo University is that the implementation of the OSCE method was well accepted and positive, since most of the answers indicated that the method significantly contributed to their training and provided learning opportunities (AU).

A preventive practice and its educational role with an academic community of Dentistry

The study aimed to verify the adherence of undergraduate Dentistry students to the hepatitis B and tetanus vaccination campaign in a private Dental school. The hypothesis tested was that the vaccination campaign would be an effective program in prevention of HBV and tetanus infection. The vaccination's card copies and the Anti-HBs exam were analyzed as main outcome. Data were submitted to bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses (0.05). Age, admission year, studying shift, doses of hepatitis B and tetanus vaccinations were independent variables. Out of the 485 students, 318 delivered the vaccination's card, and 295 presented the Anti-HBs exam. The median age of the students was 21 years (76.1% female and 23.9% male). In the univariate and multivariate Poisson regression model, failure to receive the tetanus vaccination was considered as a risk factor. Undergraduate students enrolled in the initial years were more likely to have not received the vaccination than the senior years (p ≤0.001). Out of the total number of students (318) who submitted the documentation for hepatitis B, 86.1% completed the vaccination protocol (3 doses), while 13.9% the incomplete protocol (1 or 2 doses). Older students were more likely to have refrained from taking the vaccinations compared to younger (p ≤ 0.001). In relation to the Anti-HBs, 73.9% had positive protective titer. Vaccination campaigns for undergraduate students may be effective if adherence of the individuals to the schedule can be ensured. Strategies for greater adherence of students, should be thought and planned by Dental Schools (AU).

O estudo objetivou verificar a adesão dos estudantes de graduação em Odontologia à campanha de vacinação contra hepatite B e tétano em uma escola particular de Odontologia. A hipótese testada foi que a campanha de vacinação seria um programa efetivo na prevenção da infecção pelo HBV e tétano. O cartão de vacinação e o exame anti-HBs foram analisados como desfecho principal. Os dados foram submetidos à regressão de Poisson bivariada e multivariada (0, 5). Idade, ano de admissão, turno de estudos, número de doses de vacinas para hepatite B e vacinação para tétano foram variáveis independentes. Dos 485 estudantes, 318 entregaram a cópia do cartão de vacinação e 295 apresentaram o exame anti-HBs. A mediana de idade dos estudantes foi de 21 anos (76,1% do sexo feminino, 23,9% do sexo masculino). Nos modelos de regressão de Poisson univariada e multivariada, a não vacinação contra o tétano foi considerada fator de risco. Os alunos de graduação matriculados nos anos iniciais foram mais propensos a não receberem a vacinação do que aqueles dos anos finais (p≤0,001). Do total de alunos (318) que entregaram a documentação para hepatite B, 86,1% completaram o protocolo de vacinação (3 doses), enquanto 13,9% o protocolo incompleto (1 ou 2 doses). Os estudantes mais velhos foram mais propensos a não terem tomado as vacinas em comparação com mais jovens (p≤0,001). Em relação ao anti-HBs, 73,9% apresentaram título de proteção positivo. As campanhas de vacinação para estudantes de graduação podem ser efetivas se a adesão dos indivíduos ao calendário vacinal puder ser assegurada. Estratégias para maior adesão dos estudantes, como essa campanha, devem ser pensadas e planejadas pelos cursos de Odontologia (AU).

The use of the digital smile design concept as an auxiliary tool in periodontal plastic surgery.

Periodontal surgery associated with prior waxing, mock-up, and the use of digital tools to design the smile is the current trend of reverse planning in periodontal plastic surgery. The objective of this study is to report a surgical resolution of the gummy smile using a prior esthetic design with the use of digital tools. A digital smile design and mock-up were used for performing gingival recontouring surgery. The relationship between the facial and dental measures and the incisal plane with the horizontal facial plane of reference were evaluated. The relative dental height x width was measured, and the dental contour drawing was inserted. Complementary lines are drawn such as the gingival zenith, joining lines of the gingival and incisal battlements. The periodontal esthetic was improved according to the established design digital smile pattern. These results demonstrate the importance of surgical techniques and are well accepted by patients and are easy to perform for the professional. When properly planned, they provide the desired expectations. Periodontal Surgical procedures associated with the design digital smile facilitate the communication between the patient and the professional. It is, therefore, essential to demonstrate the reverse planning of the smile and periodontal parameters with approval by the patient to solve the esthetic problem.

Comparison of conventional and semilunar coronally positioned flap techniques for root coverage in teeth with cervical abrasion restored with pink resin.

Gingival recession is the most common mucogingival defect, characterized by apical migration of the gingival margin from the cementoenamel junction and root exposure. Several surgical techniques are reported for the treatment of gingival recession. Here we present a comparison of the conventional (coronally advanced flap) and semilunar coronally positioned flap techniques for root coverage in teeth with cervical abrasion restored with pink resin that mimics the color of the gingiva. Although the conventional technique is more predictable, we found that both techniques were effective in achieving satisfactory and esthetic root coverage.

Treatment of Gingival Smile: A Case Report.

There are various alternatives for correcting a gingival smile, ranging from techniques such as gingivectomy to more complex and invasive procedures such as orthognathic surgery. Gingival smile is one of the most common complaints of patients seeking an aesthetic smile. This article describes the alternative treatments available for lip repositioning and improving smile aesthetics, and presents the clinical course of a gingival smile patient after undergoing the surgical technique of gingival recontouring (GR) associated with lip repositioning with restorative aesthetic treatment. The surgery performed corrected altered passive eruption of the maxillary anterior teeth and lengthened the lateral beam of the elevator muscle of the upper lip and wing of the nose, and achieved containment with sutures, reducing the gingival smile. After surgery, it was apparent that the high smile line had been successfully corrected without compromising labial harmony. The patient expressed high satisfaction with the treatment. The surgical technique proposed in this study may be a therapeutic option for lip repositioning to achieve smile harmony.

Pneumatization within a maxillary sinus graft: a case report.

Rehabilitation of edentulous posterior maxilla with implant-supported prostheses frequently presents a challenge to dentists. This is due to insufficient bone within the region, in addition to other limiting factors such as anatomical pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. Thus, grafting of the maxillary sinus is a common procedure used to counteract these problems. Regardless of the type of biomaterial used, the success of the procedure is dependent on the formation of high-quality bone. Therefore, vascularization is a key factor for successful grafting and for the long-term maintenance of the treatment. This paper reports a clinical case of bone graft pneumatization and attempts to elucidate its potential etiology.

Recontorno gengival e reposicionamento labial cirúrgico para tratamento do sorriso gengival: resultados após um ano / Gummy smile treatment with gingival recontouring and surgical lip repositioning: 1-year follow-up results

O presente artigo teve como objetivo esclarecer as diferentes alternativas utilizadas para o reposicionamento labial e melhora da estética do sorriso, propondo uma nova classificação para o diagnóstico e tratamento do sorriso gengival. A técnica cirúrgica descrita no relato de caso associa o recontorno gengival e o reposicionamento labial com tratamento estético restaurador. A cirurgia realizada proporcionou a correção da erupção passiva alterada dos dentes anterossuperiores, combinada com o alongamento do feixe lateral do músculo levantador do lábio superior e da asa do nariz, e a contenção do mesmo com sutura mononylon, diminuindo o sorriso gengival. Notou-se, após a cirurgia, que a linha alta do sorriso foi corrigida sem comprometer a harmonia labial. A paciente manifestou alto grau de satisfação com o tratamento. O diagnóstico e a técnica cirúrgica proposta neste estudo podem ser uma opção terapêutica para o reposicionamento labial e harmonia do sorriso.

The present article aims to address the different alternatives used for lip repositioning and improved smile aesthetics, proposing a new classification for the diagnosis and treatment of the gummy smile. The surgical technique described this a case report associates gingival recontouring and lip repositioning with restorative aesthetic treatment. The surgery provided the correction of altered passive eruption of the anterior superior teeth combined with lengthening of the lateral bundle levator muscle of the upper lip and the ala of the nose, containing them with mononylon sutures, decreasing the gummy smile. It was noted that after surgery, the high smile line was corrected without compromising the labial harmony. The patient expressed high satisfaction with the treatment. The diagnosis and surgical technique proposed in the present study may be a therapeutic option for lip repositioning and smile harmony.

Effect of the use of different periodontal curettes on the topography and roughness of root surface

Introduction: Periodontal scaling is the treatment approach most used to remove dental calculus, plaque, and altered cementum from root surface. During root decontamination, the instruments used leave the root rougher and more irregular. Objective: To verify the root surface after mechanical scaling with different Gracey curettes steel through SEM and superficial roughness analyses. Material and methods: Twelve teeth were embedded in acrylic resin. The teeth were instrumented with new Gracey curettes Gracey 5/6 from different brands. The groups (n=2) were divided into: control, no instrumentation (GC); carbon steel (CSN); stainless steel Neumar (SSN); stainless steel Millenium (SSM); premium steel Neumar (PSN); Hu-Friedy (HF). An area measuring 3 x 3 mm2 was marked on the distal surface of the root to guide the Reading of the root topography on SEM and rugosimeter. The data were analyzed by a single examiner previously calibrated. SEM analysis was based on scores of the root surface smoothness after scaling. We analyzed the parameters of mean roughness (Ra) and mean roughness deepness (Rz). SEM data were submitted to statistical analysis through Fisher's exact test (p < 0.002) and roughness data by Anova followed by Student t test. Results: The quality of the active surface of the curette demonstrated by SEM and roughness analyses that it can exert difference in the result regarding to the homogeneity produced after the scaling of root surface. Group SSM demonstrated a homogenous root surface (score 0) in SEM and better smoothness in rugosimeter analysis. Conclusion: According to com the methodology used, the group of curettes that provided better smoothness of root surface after scaling was SSM.

Investigation of the influence of design details on short implant biomechanics using colorimetric photoelastic analysis: a pilot study

Introduction : The clinical survival of a dental implant is directly related to its biomechanical behavior. Since short implants present lower bone/implant contact area, their design may be more critical to stress distribution to surrounding tissues. Photoelastic analysis is a biomechanical method that uses either simple qualitative results or complex calculations for the acquisition of quantitative data. In order to simplify data acquisition, we performed a pilot study to demonstrate the investigation of biomechanics via correlation of the findings of colorimetric photoelastic analysis (stress transition areas; STAs) of design details between two types of short dental implants under axial loads. Methods Implants were embedded in a soft photoelastic resin and axially loaded with 10 and 20 N of force. Implant design features were correlated with the STAs (mm2) of the colored fringes of colorimetric photoelastic analysis. Results Under a 10 N load, the surface area of the implants was directly related to STA, whereas under a 20 N load, the surface area and thread height were inversely related to STA. Conclusion A smaller external thread height seemed to improve the biomechanical performance of the short implants investigated.